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Lessons / 22 so far

Every lesson, by kind.

Each lesson teaches one concept in about a minute, and no concept is taught twice. New lessons are added every week.

Series · 10 lessons

How AI actually works

Ten questions people really ask about chatbots, answered one at a time. Each episode stands alone, so you can start anywhere.

  1. 01How does ChatGPT come up with an answer?Next-word prediction
  2. 02Why does AI confidently make things up?Hallucination
  3. 03Why does ChatGPT forget what you told it?Context window
  4. 04Why does AI read “tokens” instead of words?Tokenisation
  5. 05Why does the same prompt give a different answer each time?Sampling and temperature
  6. 06How does AI know “king” and “queen” are related?Embeddings
  7. 07How can a chatbot answer from documents it was never trained on?Retrieval (RAG)
  8. 08Does ChatGPT learn from your conversation?Training vs using a model
  9. 09What is an AI agent, and why do agents get stuck?Agents and tool use
  10. 10How do you tell if an AI answer is actually good?Evaluation

Company stories · 5 lessons

How real companies solve it

One engineering idea, told through a product you already use, and checked against the company’s own engineering posts.

  1. 01How Discord stores trillions of messagesChoosing and scaling a database
  2. 02How does Netflix play instantly without buffering?Content delivery networks
  3. 03How does Spotify know your taste?Recommendation systems
  4. 04How does Google Maps know about traffic before you do?Prediction from live location data
  5. 05How does Stripe stop you being charged twice?Idempotency

Everyday computer science · 4 lessons

The ideas under everything

Things you see every day that turn out to have a neat idea behind them.

  1. 01Why does your computer think 0.1 + 0.2 is not 0.3?Floating-point numbers
  2. 02Why does no website actually store your password?Hashing
  3. 03How does a QR code still work when part of it is damaged?Error correction
  4. 04How did one bad update crash millions of Windows PCs?Staged rollouts and testing

Career · 3 lessons

The first job, and the next one

Plain advice for the gap between a degree and a working team.

  1. 01The résumé project recruiters see too oftenChoosing projects that stand out
  2. 02AI skills a new graduate needs in 2026, rankedSkill priorities
  3. 03A computer science degree is not a software engineering jobThe gap between degree and work
Coming nextSoftware engineering basicsData structures and algorithmsAI toolsInterview skillsTechnology updates